Nazareth
Bells ring out from church Lowers. Cassocked monks and playing children rub shoulders with pilgrims from the world over. Aromas of fresh coffee, exotic spices and hot-from-oven breads perfume, the air in the colorful open-air market. And keeping watch above red-tiled roofs and minarets, the distinctive roof of the Basilica of the Annunciation dominates from every angle.
"The angel Gabriel was sent from God to a city of Galilee named Nazareth, to a virgin... and the virgins name was Mary.. And he came to her and said: Hail, O favored one, the Lord is with you... And behold, you will conceive in your womb and bear a son, and you shall call his name Jesus" (Luke I).
Gospel... the Annunciation... the "Good News" continues to emanate from the rolling, pastoral hills of the Galilee. No ancient sites in the Holy Land are so certain as the Christian sources of Christianity, and Nazareth, the site of the first Christian event, is where it all began.
Nestled in the embrace of protective hills, the once insignificant village is today home to some 60,000 inhabitants mostly Arabs, and 30 churches, convents and monasteries preserving and testifying to the ancient sites. When wildflowers cloak the hills in springtime, one can still "behold the lilies of the field" and readily imagine the ancient landscape.
Today, the home of Mary and Joseph according to the gospels and the place where Jesus (pbuh) spent most of His life; from childhood to adulthood; and commenced His ministry is the natural starting point for a Holy Land pilgrimage. As befits the ancient message of peace for all humankind, the city is a study in religious coexistence, since some 60% of Nazareth's populace is Muslim. Thus, both the minarets of mosques and church spires play along the Nazareth skyline, against the pastoral, rolling hills.
A stroll through Nazareth reveals a study in contrasting sights and flavors. Some 100 impressive stately homes from the period of Ottomans rule, known as the Old City Mansions, impart an air of grandeur to the city which complements the importance of the churches. Courtyards and lovingly-tended gardens provide islands of tranquility amidst the everyday bustle.
Modern-era structures enclose and protect holy grottoes, ancient Crusader and Byzantine churches and the very stream from which Mary drew water. A visit to each is a homage to the sources of faith
Basilica of the Annunciation, Nazareth
Its presence dominating the city, the Basilica of the Annunciation, maintained by the Franciscan Order, is the largest in the Middle East. The modern structure, consecrated on 23 March 1969, and designed by the architect Giovanni Muzio, consists of two levels.
The lower church contains the grotto which, tradition holds, was the home of Mary and the Site of the Annunciation, along with remnants of churches from the Crusader and Byzantine eras.
The important, archaeological site, which includes the church and surrounding buildings, verifies this is in fact the location of the original village of Nazareth. The Franciscan Museum, within the church, preserves finds from the excavations.
The upper church, which serves as the local Roman Catholic parish church, is crowned by the stunning and majestic 170 foot high cupola through which natural light flows to illuminate the entire interior.
Magnificent mosaics, works of art and ceramic reliefs (banners) contributed by Roman Catholic communities from around the world adorn the vast interior, while an imposing Italian designed mosaic adorns the altar. Outside, a courtyard connects to the Church of St. Joseph's Carpentry.
Jenin
Located north of Nablus, Jenin is the ancient city of Ginaea mentioned by Josephus and is also identified as the ancient En-gannim. It is where the Samaritans assaulted a caravan of Galileans on their way to Jerusalem, killing a great number of them.
Today, Jenin is a picturesque town built on the slopes of a hill and surrounded with gardens of carob, fig, and palm trees. It is a distinguished agricultural town, producing an abundance of fruits and vegetables.
BurqinThe village of Burqin is located 3 km west of Jenin. Besides Muslims, there are Greek Orthodox and Latin Catholics in the village. Near the Orthodox Church are interesting ruins of a Byzantine Church and the cave where the lepers lived.The church lies on a hill overlooking Burqin valley and is still used by the Greek Orthodox community of the village.
Tradition suggests that on his way to Jerusalem, Jesus (pbuh) passed by the village and miraculously healed the lepers there.
The delightful small church has been restored several times through the centuries. The first church was in the cave where the miracle took place, while during the 6th-9th century it was extended in front of the cave.It was then rebuilt during the 12th century and enclosed by a wall. The present church is composed of the cave and the new hall and nave built during the 18th century.
ZababdehLocated 6 km south of Burqin, Zababdeh is built over the site of a Byzantine village. A beautiful mosaic of a 6th century church can be found at the convent of the Rosary Sisters, as well as a Roman building, known as Boubariya.
QalqilyaSituated 12 km from the Mediterranean coast, Qalqilya was once a Canaanite city whose name is derived from a Roman castle known as Qala'alia. This small town has the only zoo in Palestine, which includes an amusement park established in 1986.
Khirbet BelameKhirbet Belame is located at the southern entrance of Jenin and is the site of the Canaanite City of Ibleam whose residents resisted the tribe of Manasseh. The tunnel was apparently cut during the late Bronze age - early Iron age, and was reused during the Roman Byzantine period.
The entrance of the tunnel has a large Roman vault, probably rebuilt during the Crusader period. At its entrance, a large cistern was found that might be identified with Bir Es-Sinjih/Sinjil, a corruption of the Crusader name St. Job.
The second part of the tunnel shows evidence of reuse from the medieval period, while the end part yielded mainly early Roman pottery. A large number of lamps were found, mostly in the second part of the tunnel.
